Boot Camps and Future Offending Essay Example for Free

Training camps and Future Offending Essay : The creation and execution of projects, for example, restorative training camps for adolescent wrongdoers are on a very basic level a reaction to different projects that industriously neglect to forestall future culpable; undoubtedly, and assessment of the significant scholarly writing plainly exhibits that An enormous collection of exploration, including irregular task considers, reliably shows the disappointment of network limitation projects to bring down recidivism (Sherman, Farrington, Welsh, and Mackenzie 345). The inquiry in this manner becomes whether remedial training camps work as a feasible option as far as forestalling future culpable by adolescents. The issue is particularly significant in light of the fact that segment changes show an expansion in the number of inhabitants in kids younger than ten just as increments in specific sorts of culpable. The dread is that an inability to recognize fruitful projects to shorten future culpable by adolescents will bring about a blast in adolescent culpable and recidivism sooner rather than later. Unfortunately, the dominance of the exact proof recommends that remedial training camps for adolescents are not a reasonable institutional answer for forestalling future culpable (Sherman, Farrington, Welsh, and Mackenzie 346). One researcher even ventures to such an extreme as to contend that programs that are exorbitantly cruel or reformatory, similar to training camps, either have no impacts or iatrogenic impacts; this finding echoes Fagans decision about authorizing adolescents as grown-ups (Steinberg 9). The outcome has been a development away from the utilization of remedial training camps and a state-based development toward enactment intended to just exchange troublesome adolescents to grown-up criminal locale through different kinds of move procedures. These judgments of restorative training camps, in any case, neglect to appropriately recognize the way that there exists some exact exploration proposing that some training camps for adolescents have and may keep on decreasing future culpable (Dale 91). On the side of this theory, that remedial training camps for adolescents have for the most part neglected to forestall or limit future culpable, it is useful to analyze the auxiliary highlights of these training camps, the advantages and disadvantages, and the best techniques for execution. As an underlying issue, these remedial training camps are intended to impart a feeling of moral duty and to at the same time ingrain a feeling of having a place with a bigger gathering attitude. The projects are inferred and to some surviving demonstrated on the training camp methods of reasoning and projects directed by the United States Marines. Fundamentally, they center around structure, discipline and physical or potentially mental test (Sherman, Farrington, Welsh, and Mackenzie 345). The training camps are along these lines of a marginally more comprehensive and interdisciplinary nature than other remedial projects, for example, redirection, discipline, and moves to grown-up criminal ward. One of the hidden premises is that by tending to the whole individual, both the juvenile’s physical and mental prosperity, that these adolescent guilty parties will rise up out of the training camps increasingly sure and more ready to work as capable citizenry. There is likewise a discipline highlight given the way that these camps are somewhat exhausting and there is an expectation that this will work as a motivator against future culpable. Fascinating, not all training camps are the equivalent. Some emphasis on physical effort and total subjection and control though others focus on restorative ways to deal with rewarding and condition the adolescents. The examination proposes that the outcomes fluctuate contingent upon the sort of training camp utilized. All the more explicitly, physical exercises may have medical advantages however they may not address the criminogenic needs of these guilty parties (Sherman, Farrington, Welsh, and Mackenzie 348), yet there is some proof proposing that restorative training camps may yield better outcomes albeit more examination should be done around there. A survey of the examination in this manner proposes that remedial training camps concentrating a lot on physical exercises are probably not going to essentially decrease future culpable by adolescents. Restoratively situated training camps may give better outcomes however more examination should be completed. The principle advantage related with restorative training camps is the way that it capacities as a remedial option in contrast to moves to grown-up criminal purview. The inability to devise programs equipped for diminishing future culpable by adolescents has given ammo to residents and strategy producers who like to just regard adolescents as grown-ups and to along these lines adequately abandon restoration hypotheses as they relate to expanding quantities of adolescents. There is thusly an undeniable motivation to plan a progressively viable sort of restorative training camp so as to maintain a strategic distance from the state-based authoritative pattern to secure up adolescents grown-up offices before hurling endlessly the allegorical key. Then again, it can likewise be contended that numerous restorative training camps might be coming up short since they also intently reflect the Marine training camps from which they are inferred without appropriately joining remedial models and individual guiding to manage explicit issues or hazard factors adding to adolescent culpable. Adolescents are not warriors, they are not Marines, and this partition should be made both hypothetically and as far as execution. These training camps may likewise be planned and executed in an increasingly specific manner; all the more explicitly, as far as deciding when and which adolescents are appropriate possibility for restorative training camps, it is prudent to adjust the training camp structure to specific sorts of adolescent wrongdoers instead of endeavoring to constrain adolescents with different foundations and characters to adjust to the training camps. Taking everything into account, most of the accessible proof presents a not exactly complimenting analysis in regards to the viability of restorative training camps as far as future culpable. Essentially, in any case, concentrates in states, for example, Florida have shown that a few sorts of training camps have yielded positive outcomes. As opposed to adulating or denouncing training camps when all is said in done, analysts should concentrate on distinguishing the important highlights of training camps so as to plan and match future training camps to the particular needs of various sorts of adolescent guilty parties. Works Cited Dale, Nancy. Training camp: the Last Stop for Juvenile Offenders. Law Order Dec. 2000: 91+. Questia. Web. 9 May 2010. Sherman, Lawrence W. , David P. Farrington, Brandon C. Welsh, and Doris Layton Mackenzie, eds. Proof Based Crime Prevention. London: Routledge, 2002. Questia. Web. 9 May 2010. Steinberg, Laurence. Presenting the Issue. The Future of Children 18. 2 (2008): 3+. Questia. Web. 9 May 2010.

Of Love and Shadows essays

Of Love and Shadows articles An astounding work of fiction set in Latin America composed by this capable essayist is Of Love And Shadows, which was likewise adjusted into a film. This book among others exhibited an extraordinary ability of Isabel Allende and furthermore won her Book of the year grants in numerous nations. As in House of the spirits she uncovers an amazing intensity of narrating. Of adoration and Shadows unfurls a hypnotizing story of disaster and energy, of boldness and penance, of family dedication and state selling out that is both overpoweringly moving and motivating. From the absolute first sentence, Allende transports perusers to a Latin American nation in the grasp of a military fascism. Kindly spoken is desire and love through the various characters in the novel, along these lines giving expectation in all perusers to gain from. Through this novel, the peruser can not just find a unique and concealed part of themselves and their lives, yet additionally find a shrouded truth that frequently can never be found in different endeavors. Through relating with the characters, revelations are made of our own temperances and missions that we only sometimes examine. Not exclusively are the characters significant, yet additionally the encounters and fantasies where they hold dear to their souls. Each character adds to the encounters of delights and distresses in a nation where anything can occur. Set in an air of immersing vulnerability and dread, in a nation of irregular captures, unexpected vanishings and outline executions, Isabel Allendes second novel recounts the enthusiastic undertaking of two individuals arranged to hazard everything for equity and truth and their battle for their affection in Pinochets government, and what they do to endure. The dismal truth of packed funeral homes and swarmed graves is contrasted with the vivid scene of South America. Here are daringly drawn characters, for example, Irenes unshakably impolite, corrupt mother, Be... <!

Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C. Introduction Washington, D.C., capital of the United States, coextensive (since 1878, when Georgetown became a part of Washington) with the District of Columbia (2000 pop. 572,059), on the Potomac River; inc. 1802. The city is the center of a metropolitan area (1990 pop. 3,923,574) extending into Maryland and Virginia. With the city of Baltimore to its north in Maryland, it forms a consolidated metropolitan area of some 6.7 million people. Washington is the legislative, administrative, and judicial center of the United States but has little industry; its business is government, and hundreds of thousands are so employed in the metropolitan area. The city is also a major tourist attraction and a cultural center. Washington has long been a gateway for African Americans emigrating from the South, and since the 1960s has had a (now diminishing) black majority. Many citizens live in poverty, and social problems have been exacerbated by the transient nature of the governmental workfor ce and the District's lack of political power. Transportation facilities include a subway system that connects the city with many suburbs. The main rail and air hubs are Union Station and Ronald Reagan Washington National and Dulles International airports (both in Virginia). Nearby military installations include Fort McNair, Fort Myer, Andrews Air Force Base, and Bolling Air Force Base. Sections in this article: Introduction Government Landmarks Educational, Cultural, and Scientific Institutions History Bibliography The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

The Sociocultural Theory Essay - 1710 Words

The sociocultural theory was developed by a theorist named Lev Vygotsky. Vygotsky was born in 1896 and was from the former Soviet Union. He was a psychologist who had an abundance of ideas and put them into many theories and writings. Although Vygotsky died from tuberculosis at the young age of thirty-eight, his most prominent work was done in a short period of ten years. When he died in 1934, the Soviet Union held most of his work and it was not until about 1960 that his work was translated into English. Currently in the education field, Vygotsky’s main work on the sociocultural theory is getting a lot of attention. Vygotsky believed that during the early stages of life as infants, language (nonconceptual speech) and thinking†¦show more content†¦In this theory, Vygotsky suggests the idea of scaffolding from external influences, including parents and teachers. To scaffold is â€Å"to use language and social interaction to guide children’s thinking† (Tra wick-Smith, 2010, p.53). The key to do this properly, is to know how much or how little guidance to give the children. Vygotsky breaks the difficulty level of the task being performed by the child into three levels of difficulty and the amount of assistance needed. The first stage is the lowest level of difficulty where no assistance is needed from an external influence. The task that the child is trying to perform is easy enough that he or she can perform it on their own individually. In this stage, there is little intellectual development or knowledge obtained. The third stage is the highest level of difficulty where a child cannot execute a task because it is too difficult. This stage requires complete assistance from a parent or teacher to execute the task for the child. The middle stage is key to intellectual development and to Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. The middle stage is where the difficulty level of a task is just above the child’s abilities. Situations in this stage are known as the zone of proximal development. According to Vygotsky and the sociocultural theory, during this stage is where there is the most potential for intellectual development and learning. Parents or teachers should indirectly assist the children in completing the task.Show MoreRelatedSociocultural Theory Essay1633 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals see the world, others around them, and themselves. Though some beauty standards, such as physical appearance have been sustained. Through the lens of sociocultural theory, I will analyze how body dysmorphia has influenced three generations of women within my family. To aide my analysis, I will define and employ terms such as sociocultural theory, body image, and body dysmorphia to connect my family’s historical roots to body image and how it relates to their current perceptions and behaviors. FinallyRead MoreA Deeper Perspective Of Sociocultural Theory925 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization, such as a school. Culture is similarly generically defined as the beliefs, customs, and attitudes of a group of people or an organization. A deeper perspective encompasses sociocultural theory, where the social and cultural context of a person’s thought and actions are considered. According to sociocultural theory, we do not live in a vacuum. Interaction with social forces, or those omnipresent social influences that surround us, goes a long way toward explaining our attitudes, character, knowledgeRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Social Interaction1258 Words   |  6 PagesSociocultural theory refers to the idea that parents, peers, teachers, and culture help to shape a child’s learning. The engagement between objects and environment, in collaboration with social interaction play an extensive role in a child’s learning and development (Wang, Bruce, Hughes, 2011). Psychologist, Lev Vygotsky, introduced socio-cultural theory. The basis of socio cultural theory is made up of soci al interaction and cultural tools. Social interaction refers to the parents, peers, andRead MoreA Dance Teacher : A Theory And Sociocultural Theory Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesTeacher’s Role in Developing Students When choosing a job to apply to Piagetian theory and sociocultural theory, I chose the position of a dance teacher. Children of all ages join dance companies, and the experiences and interactions from this activity can have a great effect on their development. After dancing for so many years I have first hand experience on how it can influence a developing child. These two theories are important when understanding the ways in which a child develops, and this paperRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Social Rules1726 Words   |  7 Pages When looking at sociocultural factors one is faced with a variety of models that attempt to provide a social explanation of how language is acquired. This includes an examination of such influences as the social characteristics of the setting and the learner and the social rules for second language use. While typically associated with these models, Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which is based in his study of psychology, does not attempt to use culture to explain how language is acquired. InsteadRead MoreSociocultural Learning Theory Essay701 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Sociocultural Learning Theory. His quote that â€Å"through others we become ourselves† could be the quintessence of the Sociocultural Learning Theory, which supports that learning is a social process†. This article consists of three main sections: a brief overview of sociocultural approaches; an examination of sociocultural method; and an overview of sociocultural contributions to research and applications to classroom learning and teaching. 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Through an understanding of the socio-cultural theory, it facilitates pedagogical practices and teaching strategies for educators. The socio-cultural theory is underpinned by the influence of the environment and cultural contexts such as beliefs, values and skills in facilitating development (Mooney 2013, p. 77). Smidt (2009, p. 7) states that children’sRead MoreVygotskys Theory of Sociocultural Development1076 Words   |  5 PagesVygotsky studied the Sociocultural Theory, which had three themes: the social sources of individual thinking, the roles of cultural tools in learning and development, and the zone of proximal development (Driscoll, 2005; Wertsch Tulviste, 1992 as cited in Woolfolk 2013). In other words, Vygotsky believed that the happenings of people occur in cultural settings and cannot be understood outside of these situations. This theory emphasi zes the relationship between children and those who are more knowledgeableRead MoreEssay on The Sociocultural Theory and I 1950 Words   |  8 PagesI could not be more wrong, especially if my actions are based on the sociocultural theory. This theory stresses how the interaction between people and the culture in which they live affect their thought process. This paper will describe and explain the theoretical aspect of the theory such as its major contributors, focus and explanation of how individuals behave, think and express their emotion under the social cultural theory. It will then conclude with an attempt to determine if my personal

Essay on Nicomachean Ethics - 1014 Words

Through books one to three in Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle distinguishes between pain and happiness, clarifying the endless war that men face in the path of these two extremes. Man’s quest for pleasure is considered by the self-conscious and rational Aristotle; a viewpoint traditionally refuted in contemporary, secular environments. Immediately, Aristotle alleges that all actions aim for good, thus proposing that all human activity is to be of some good. These activities attempt to meet a greater end; a chief good met by subordinate desires. However, Aristotle introduces that the nature of good is presumed by convention, not nature, and are administered by politics. Governments determine which sciences and arts are studied, who studies†¦show more content†¦Therefore, Aristotle concludes that happiness is self-sufficient. It is what makes life desirable and good; the ending of the action. Further, to understand what is good, we need to understand the function of man, for good is found in the function. It cannot be life, since life is a shared trait with animals. The human good is to do excellent in one’s function, rather than just executing that function, â€Å"For the function of a lyre-player is to play the lyre, and that of a good lyre player is to do well† (371). Since excellence is displayed in function, the human good only exists when the soul is conformed to excellence. This excellence must be shown in activity rather than state, since the latter does not achieve results. Aristotle then describes a classical belief that those who are noble have a pleasant life, since all things noble are naturally pleasant. Thus, happiness is the best, noblest and most pleasant thing, aided by the existence of external pleasures. Aristotle distinguishes two kinds of excellence: intellectual and moral. Intellectual excellence is learned through teaching, building experience with time, whereas moral excellence comes from habit. He also recognizes that man is naturally premoral for moral habits do not naturally exist. We learn by constant repetition, building habits which reflect our moral extremes, good or bad. Thus, nature makes us programmable; habits which a man forms in his youth shape his character; to beShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Nicomachean Ethics1356 Words   |  6 PagesIn one of his most popular works, Nicomachean Ethics, The ancient Greek philosopher, Aristotle, debates a variety of subjects in order to obtain a better understanding of virtue and what it means to be a virtuous character. One virtue that is extensively examined by Aristotle in book VII of the Nicomachean Ethics, is friendship. He debates that friendship is complete virtue and above justice and morality in which is why it shoul d be so highly valued. His interpretation of friendship is abundantlyRead MoreThe Ethics Of Nicomachean Ethics1367 Words   |  6 Pages Olivia Schoen Dan Brown Ethics 101 8 April 2015 Nicomachean Ethics As one of the greatest philosophers of all time, Aristotle was one of the greats. He altered history and the way our world views philosophy and ethics. One of his theories of ethics that he written in the form of 10 books was Nicomachean Ethics, this theory consisted of Aristotle’s perspective on the life of man and what makes a good life for man. Personally, I think his theory of ethics is a good outline of how to be an ethicalRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Nicomachean Ethics1140 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle begins Nicomachean Ethics is with the statement â€Å"Every craft and every line of inquiry, and likewise every action and decision seems to seek some good.† (Aristotle Bk.1, Ch.1). This is a fitting way to begin, as it addresses exactly what the entire book hopes to convey. While at this point in the novel, readers remain unaware what the good that he is referring to means, it becomes clearer and clearer as it progresses why this is such an apt beginning. The Nic omachean Ethics is devoted toRead MoreEssay Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle1464 Words   |  6 Pages An Exposition of Aristotelian Virtues In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle explores virtues as necessary conditions for being happy. A virtuous person is a person with a disposition toward virtuous actions and who derives pleasure from behaving virtuously. Aristotle distinguishes between two types of human virtue: virtues of thought and virtues of character. Virtues of thought are acquired through learning and include virtues like wisdom and prudence; virtues of character include bravery andRead MoreTaking a Look at Nicomachean Ethics957 Words   |  4 PagesNicomachean Ethics I chose to write about Aristotle and his beliefs about how the virtuous human being needs friends from Book VIII from Nicomachean Ethics. In this essay I will talk about the three different kinds of friendship that (Utility, Pleasure, and Goodness) that Aristotle claims exist. I will also discuss later in my paper why Aristotle believes that Goodness is the best type of friendship over Utility or Pleasure. In addition to that I will also talk about the similarities and differencesRead MoreBook Eight And Nine Of Nicomachean Ethics1698 Words   |  7 PagesBook eight and nine of Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the variations of friendships that are present in human nature. He further goes into detail on the terms and grounds on forming these friendships. I will be analyzing the different types of friendship discussed in Aristotle’s Ethics and answer the difficulties and obstacles present in trying to achieve the perfect friendship, the friendship based on goodness. The beginning of Book eight of the Nicomachean Ethics states that friendshipRead MoreAristotle s Symposium : The Nicomachean Ethics1934 Words   |  8 Pages720532457 The Symposium verses The Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics (Ethics) is regarded as one of the, if not the greatest work concerning ethics in history. The word ethics derives from the Greek word ethos, which translates more properly as â€Å"character†, and it would seem that Aristotle’s concern in The Ethics, is what constitutes good character, and that goodness is of practical use; that merely knowing how to be a way is only half of what’s necessary, and that the known mustRead MoreAnalysis Of Aristotle s The Nicomachean Ethics 871 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to be a person of practical wisdom one should possess good moral reasoning and good inclinations. Aristotle first introduces these concepts in his book The Nicomachean Ethics, but he does not mention a really important virtue, the virtue of forgiveness. If mastered correctly, forgiveness can lead a person to acquire additional, and equally important good habits. That is why, in order to recognize the importance of this vir tue, it is necessary to make a deep expository analysis. By definitionRead MoreEssay on The Contradictions in Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics778 Words   |  4 Pageson my list, I would put art. It allows an inner, more down-to-earth part of me to be expressed that cannot be done in words. All these things are actions and they define who I am. Without them I dont know what I would do. In Aristotles Nicomachean Ethics there is emphasis on the importance of action. From action of life, friendship, and happiness (which are voluntary actions), to action of reason (which is a rational faculty of the mind), we could not exist without action. To begin withRead MoreNicomachean Ethics Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle uses his collection of lecture notes in order to establish the best way to live and acquire happiness. Aristotle says, â€Å"Virtue, then, is a state that decides consisting in a mean, the mean relative to us,.. .It is a mean between two vices, one of excess and one of deficiency.† The virtues that Aristotle speaks about in Nicomachean Ethics are: bravery, temperance, generosity, magnificence, magnanimity, and mildness. According to Aristotle, in order to live

Determinants of Earnings Free Essays

Determinants of Earnings Improving someone’s success in the labour market is a main objective of both family and policy makers, especially those with low earning in recent years. In the classic view of labour earning, we assume that the skills of individuals are the dominant factor to determine the earnings’ level. However, the recent year study manifests multiple factors have been weighed more than before. We will write a custom essay sample on Determinants of Earnings or any similar topic only for you Order Now To illustrate this new situation, it believes that individuals’ successes in labour market are quite differentiated from one’s family background support, capacities to contribute to production or service, genetics, the education level, and the working experience in the labour market. Specifically, the low earning individuals’ situation can be well-persuasive proof for it. An individual might hold various earnings at the same time such as the interest of saving, stock, fund of dividend income and property of real estate of individual. The developed labour market economy directs that an individual’s earning is equal to the number of production factors sold by the individual times the price of various elements. Personal income is equal to market income and transfer payment. A majority of market income comes from wages and salaries. Few of market income come from property rights. The transfer payment of the government is mainly for those old men’s social security. In standard of earning equation for individuals of the same race and sex in Canada, between two thirds and four fifth of the variance of the natural logarithm of wages or of annual earning is unexplained by the above variables. † This statement is said by Bowles (2001). A few of the variance is contributed by the unstable factor of earnings and response error. For example, from the more detailed Employers’ Manpower and Skills Practices Survey of 1693 British employers reported in Green, Machin and Wilkenson (1998). Of the somewhat more than a third of the establishments reporting the â€Å"skill shortage†, personnel managers identified the recruitment problem as â€Å"lack of technical skills† in 43 percent of the cases. However, â€Å"poor attitude, motivation, or personality† in a remarkable 62 percent of the cases. Poor attitude was by far the most important reason for the recruitment difficulty given. The importance of motivation relative to technical skill was even greater among the full sample. Such a model, however, is readily provided, even within a fully competitive framework. If disequilibrium rents arising from technological or other shocks are persistent and if labor services are not subject to enforceable contracts, individual behavioral traits unrelated to productive capacities may bear a positive price. For example, aspects of an individual’s personality such as fatalism or impatience may reduce the likelihood of capturing disequilibrium rents and dampen the employee’s response to common employer strategies aimed at eliciting high levels of labor effort. Furthermore, the behavioral traits that contributed to high income in some works might have the negative effects. For instance, an individual who prefer not to subordinate himself to others will be highly successful in some works, but abject failures in others. â€Å"Understanding why individual characteristics that are not skills may be rewarded in a competitive labor market may enhance the explanatory power and policy relevance of the human capital model by shedding some light on how schooling and other human investments raise individual earnings. † Bowles mentioned in 2001. How to cite Determinants of Earnings, Essay examples

Challenge And Response To Body Integrity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Challenge And Response To Body Integrity. Answer: Physiology of low back pain Sue has lower back pain as consequence of the physical demands of Fire and Rescue Service. Nocireceptors are common cause of pain radiating in back from the place of tissue injury, via transmission of impulse from place of tissue injury. It is the physiologic response of the body. The neuron makes connections in both spinal cord and brain and alerts us of damaging stimuli (via transduction, conduction, and transmission) followed by spinal modulation, and relay the message to higher brain centres via electrical signals. These signals are interpreted as pain by brain (CNS) and leads to supraspinal responses. The pain may commonly arise from the herniated disc, which is the cause of the pain due to unwanted contact between the nerve and the disc (Craft et al., 2015, pp.137-153). Lifting heavy materials increases the stress on the disc. Back pain is developed when the disc is herniated and some of the inner fluid is leaked (Parker et al., 2015). It is the wear and tear process of the dis c may occur in lumbar spine resulting protrusion against spinal nerve root. This process is known as degenerative cascade (Bhalla et al., 2016). The other possible reason may be the lumbar spinal stenosis. It occurs due to enlargement of the facet joints of the segment. The condition causes compression of the spinal nerve roots and is due to degenerative conditions such as spondylolisthesis and osteoarthritis, where the pain radiates from the lower back to the legs (Tobert Harris, 2018). Pharmacological actions and effects of NSAIDS for Sues condition NSAIDS are popularly used for the pain management. NSAIDS exhibit their pharmacological action by inhibiting the Cyclooxygenase (COX), which in turn inhibits the synthesis of the prostaglandin and other eicosanoid. COX1 play role of housekeeping and regulates normal cellular process (protects kidney and stomach platelet aggregation). COX2 is responsible for the increased Prostanoid production during inflammation (via cytokines). They play a dominant role in the inflammation and cancer. It contributes to pain and swelling of inflammation. Prostaglandins are consistently expressed in bones, kidney, brain and results in inflammation when expressed at other sites (Bryant Knights, 2014, pp. 319 - 339). Consequently the homeostatic mechanism is disrupted with NSAIDS. In Sue, the NSAIDS will help lower the pain caused in lumbar spine. Arachdoinic acid is central to this pathway of NSAIDS that exhibits anti-inflammatory effect at the site of injury of pain (lower back pain in case of Sue). Inflammation results in vasodilatation extravasation of protein exudates and nociception. In this process prostaglandins are key players in this process and are thus inhibited during lower back pain (Enthoven et al., 2016). Therefore NSAIDS lower pain and inflammation in lower back pain when administered to Sue. It is useful for reducing stiffness in Sue. NSAIDS are administered in dose dependent manner. Higher dose is effective for the higher degree of swelling, stiffness and pain. The therapeutic and toxic effects vary in different drugs. The side effects may include kidney damage. Liver damage is found in patients with alcohol use, when administered with acetaminophen. It might be risk for Sue as takes alcohol and is recommended to take for short period of time (Schilling, 2016). References Bhalla, A., Schoenfeld, A. J., George, J., Bono, C. M. (2016). The Influence of Sub-Diagnosis on Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes after Lumbar Fusion for Degenerative Disc Disorders: a 15-Year Meta-Analysis.The Spine Journal,16(10), S366. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2016.07.493 Bryant, Bronwen Knights, Kathleen, (author.) (2015). Pharmacology for health professionals(Fourth edition). Chatswood, New South Wales Mosby. isbn=978-0-7295-8171-4 Craft, J., Gordon, C., Huether, S. E., McCance, K. L., Brashers, V. L. (2015).Understanding pathophysiology-ANZ adaptation. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN :9780729541602 Enthoven, W., Roelofs, P. D., Deyo, R. A., van Tulder, M. W., Koes, B. W. (2016). Non?steroidal anti?inflammatory drugs for chronic low back pain.The Cochrane Library. DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD012087 Parker, S. L., Mendenhall, S. K., Godil, S. S., Sivasubramanian, P., Cahill, K., Ziewacz, J., McGirt, M. J. (2015). Incidence of low back pain after lumbar discectomy for herniated disc and its effect on patient-reported outcomes.Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research,473(6), 1988-1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11999-015-4193-1 Schilling, R. (2016). Pain Treatment.Pain. Retrieved from: https://www.askdrray.com/pain-treatment/ Tobert, D. G., Harris, M. B. (2018). Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Spondylolisthesis. InPrinciples of Orthopedic Practice for Primary Care Providers(pp. 47-59). Springer, Cham. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68661-5_4